The term “cameo” usually refers to any raised carved relief of stone or shell, although moulded glass versions have long been classified as cameos, as well, dating all the way back to Ancient Rome.
The most common depiction in cameos is of the “anonymous woman.” Shown in profile, her hair and bone structure have evolved over time, but generally she looks the same. Another common motif is the biblical “Rebecca at the Well” scene. This depiction of a lady, a well, and a house was popular in the Victorian Era. Greek and Roman figures were also popular during this time. Some of the mythological figures depicted in cameos include Diana (depicted with a crescent moon in her hair), Psyche (shown with a butterfly wing), Demeter (depicted with a stalk of wheat), Dionysus or his Bacchante maiden (accompanied with grapes and leaves), and the Three Muses.
Plante, Amy. “The History of Cameo Jewelry.” Market Square Jewelers, Market Square Jewelers, 19 Feb. 2019, www.marketsquarejewelers.com/blogs/msj-handbook/the-history-of-cameo-jewelry.